Compact Online Reference Encyclopedia (CORE)

Looking for information on a specific topic, training, rule, or process? Through one search here, you can find the information you need from ICAOS’ white papersadvisory opinions, bylaws, policies, Hearing Officer's Guidetraining modulesrules, helpdesk articles and the bench book. All results are cross-referenced with links to make navigation easy and intuitive.

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Nested Activity History Nested activity history displays compact activities directly under the activity to which it belongs. For example, transfer replies are nested under the transfer request to which they're associated and violation responses/…
Manage Caseload is used to reassign cases and activities from one user to another. PO Supervisors can reassign from and to themselves and any PO or Supervisor   Compact Office can reassign ANY user of ANY role to another user of ANY role.   The first…
New York City, New York September 2022 Embracing the Spirit of the Compact Great Plans for Great Outcomes Changing Landscape of Substance Abuse and its Impact on Supervision Interstate Compact and Tolling Issues
The Future of ICAOS, The Next 20 Years On January 24th, the Commission presented at the American Probation and Parole Association Winter Training Institute in Columbus, Ohio. There, community supervision and judicial professionals learned the general…
The Transfer Reply Due Dates Report lists all compact cases in the receiving state that have a Transfer Reply due within the selected date range of the last data upload. Case details include sending state, receiving state, probation, parole, receiving…
Retaking Management Data report provides both snapshot data regarding current active warrants and offenders awaiting retaking as well as date range data for the numbers of offenders retaken and those retaken, then retransferred.  The data provided pulls…
The Transfer Decision Dashboard (Summary & Detailed) provides an analysis tool for monitoring acceptance rates.  This report identifies areas for process improvement, training and corrective action needs. Outgoing Cases:  Identify users with…
This guide supports extradition professionals managing the return of supervised individuals who transfer to another state through the Interstate Compact. Topics addressed within the new guide include: Who is subject to the Compact; Differences between…
Commission members can add their office closures from the ICAOS home screen when logged in.  Simply click 'add closing' and follow instructions    
About ICAOS Commissioners & DCAs monitor and ensure compliance with ICAOS rules for their states. The Compliance reports provide at-a-glance compliance with specific activity timeframes with the ability to drill down to user compliance to identify…
(a) Notification of travel permits - The receiving state shall notify the sending state prior to the issuance of a travel permit for an offender traveling to the sending state.  (b) This rule does not apply to offenders who are employed or attending…
When possibly subject to revocation in the sending state for violations (excluding new convictions) committed in the receiving state, compact offenders are ENTITLED to a probable cause hearing near where the alleged violations occurred prior to retaking.…
This guide supports jail officials managing detention and disposition of individuals on interstate compact supervision. Topics addressed within the new guide include: Wh transfers through the Compact; How does a supervised individual apply for an…
This guide supports court professionals implementing the supervision of individuals transferring through the Compact. Topics addressed within the guide include: Who transfers through the Compact; How does a supervised individual apply for interstate…
This guide offers parole officials useful information and practical insights for implementing the Compact. Topics addressed within the guide include: Who transfers through the Compact; When may an individual begin the transfer application; Why would a…
An interstate Compact is not a “uniform law” as typically construed and applied. Unlike interstate Compacts, uniform laws are not contracts; a state adopting an interstate Compact may not select provisions of an interstate Compact to adopt; and, a state…
Compacts differ from administrative agreements in two principal ways. First, states, as sovereigns, have inherent authority to enact Compacts. See Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 37 U.S. (12 Pet.) 657, 725 (1838). Thus, states do not need any express…
One of the axioms of modern government is a state legislature’s ability to delegate rulemaking power to an administrative body. This delegation of authority extends to the creation of an interstate commission through an interstate Compact. See Hess v.…
The ICAOS operates under Congress’ consent in the Crime Control Act of 1934, 4 U.S.C. § 112 (2012).
The Compact Clause of the U.S. Constitution states, “No State shall, without the consent of Congress, . . . enter into any agreement or Compact with another State . . . .” U.S. CONST. art. I, § 10, cl. 3. Though a strict reading of the Compact Clause…
Once Congress grants its consent to a Compact, the general view is that it may not be withdrawn. Although the matter has not been resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court, two federal circuit courts of appeal have held that congressional consent, once given, is…
Congressional consent can significantly change the nature of an interstate Compact. “[W]here Congress has authorized the States to enter into a cooperative agreement, and where the subject matter of that agreement is an appropriate subject for…
Because Compacts are statutes and contracts, courts interpret interstate Compacts in the same manner as interpreting ordinary statutes and by applying contract law principles. PRACTICE NOTE: No court has explained when to apply statutory construction…
Where state law and a Compact conflict, courts are required under the Supremacy Clause (for Compacts with consent) and as a matter of contract law to apply the terms and conditions of the Compact to a given case. The fact that a judge may not like the…
Special Considerations for Litigation Involving Interstate Commissions
In Texas v. New Mexico, the Supreme Court sustained exceptions to a Special Master’s recommendation to enlarge the Pecos River Compact Commission, holding that one consequence of a Compact becoming “a law of the United States” is that “no court may order…
The Eleventh Amendment guarantees state sovereign immunity from suit in federal court. The Eleventh Amendment ensures that states retain certain attributes of sovereignty, including sovereign immunity. Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1, 13 (1890). Over the…
Some Compacts authorize the interstate commission to seek judicial action to enforce the Compact against a party state. Article XII.C of the ICAOS is a good example. See Interstate Comm’n for Adult Offender Supervision v. Tennessee Bd. of Prob. &…
For additional information on interstate Compact law and interstate Compacts generally, see MICHAEL L. BUENGER, JEFFREY B. LITWAK, MICHAEL H. MCCABE & RICHARD L. MASTERS,, THE EVOLVING LAW AND USE OF INTERSTATE COMPACTS 2d ed. (ABA Publ’g 2016) and…
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