Compact Online Reference Encyclopedia (CORE)

Looking for information on a specific topic, training, rule, or process? Through one search here, you can find the information you need from ICAOS’ white papers, advisory opinions, bylaws, policies, Hearing Officer's Guide, training modules, rules, helpdesk articles and the bench book. All results are cross-referenced with links to make navigation easy and intuitive.

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Rule 2.110 - Transfer of Supervised Individuals Under this Compact
(a) No state shall permit a supervised individual who is eligible for transfer under this compact to relocate to another state except as provided by the Compact and these rules.  (b) A supervised individual who is not eligible for transfer under this…
Rule 3.109 - Waiver of Extradition
(a) A supervised individual applying for interstate supervision shall execute, at the time of application for transfer, a waiver of extradition from any state to which the individual may abscond while under supervision in the receiving state. (b) States…
Rule 2.106 - Supervised Individuals Subject to Deferred Sentences
Supervised individuals subject to deferred sentences are eligible for transfer of supervision under the same eligibility requirements, terms, and conditions applicable to all other supervised individuals under this compact. Persons subject to supervision…
Rule 2.111 - Emergency Suspension of Enforcement
(a) Upon a declaration of a national emergency by the President of the United States and/or the declaration of emergency by one or more Governors of the compact member states in response to a crisis, the Commission may, by majority vote, authorize the…
Handling Commissioner Vacancies 01-2015
I. Authority The Executive Committee is vested with the power to adopt a policy on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session. The Executive Committee oversees the day-to-day activities managed by…
Bench Book - 3.3.1 Time of Transfer
The Commission's rules can significantly affect the time between the final disposition of a case and the supervised individual’s ability to move to another state. Even if the supervised individual is eligible for transfer under the Compact, the court…
State Council Policy 03-2009
I. Authority Article IV, of the model compact language, provides for the appointment of a State Council for the implementation, administration, and advocacy of the Compact. This policy ensures compliance with the Statute or Code requirements that each…
Advisory Opinion 4-2012
Whether a state can permit an offender to proceed to another state for multiple periods of time, never exceeding 45 consecutive days in any single occurrence
Chapter 3 - The ICAOS Implications for the Courts
States are bound by the Commission’s rules under the terms of the Compact. The rules adopted by the Commission have the force and effect of statutory law and all courts and executive agencies shall take all necessary measures to enforce their application…
Bench Book - 3.3.1.1 Expedited Transfers
 The Commission’s rules provide an “expedited” option, allowing a supervised individual to transfer supervision on a “pending acceptance” basis. To qualify for expedited reporting instructions, both the sending and receiving states must agree that an…
Hearing Officer's Guide - Introduction
This guide outlines due process procedures for retaking under the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision (ICAOS). This guide is not an exhaustive legal review given the unique nature of violation cases. Each state may have procedural variations…
Advisory Opinion MA-2004
Adopting an emergency rule for Massachusetts who had not enacted the Compact
Screening a Supervised Individual from Public View in ICOTS’ Public Access Portal 04-2009
I. Authority The Executive Committee is vested with the power to adopt a policy on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session. The Executive Committee oversees the day-to-day activities managed by…
Guidelines for Resolving Compliance Issues 03-2008
I. Authority The Executive Committee is vested with the power to adopt a policy on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session. The Executive Committee oversees the day-to-day activities managed by…
Investigating Allegations of Non-Compliance 02-2008
I. Authority The Executive Committee is vested with the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session. The Executive Committee oversees the day-to-day activities managed by the…
Bench Book - 3.3.1.2 Reporting Instructions for Probationers Living in the Receiving State at the Time of Sentencing or After Disposition of a Violation or Revocation Proceeding
The Commission adopted Rule 3.103 to address situations where individuals, upon sentencing, live in the receiving state and need to relocate before acceptance and receiving reporting instructions. This rule permits a supervised individual who is residing…
Bench Book - 3.7 Sex Offender Registration
Courts have generally upheld sex offender registration requirements for sex offenders whose supervision transfers under an interstate Compact so long as such registration requirements are not discriminatory. Thus, a receiving state may impose sex offender…
Bench Book - 1.9 Recommended Sources of Compact Law and Information
For additional information on interstate Compact law and interstate Compacts generally, see Michael L. Buenger, Jeffrey B. Litwak, Michael H. McCabe & Richard L. Masters,, The Evolving Law and Use of Interstate Compacts 2d ed. (ABA Publ’g 2016) and…
Hearing Officer's Guide - I. When is an Supervised Individual Entitled to a Probable Cause Hearing?
In Morrissey and Gagnon, the US Supreme Court established a two-step process for revocation proceedings.  Step 1: A preliminary hearing to determine the appropriateness of the individual's detention due to suspected violations of conditions of supervision…
Hearing Officer's Guide - IV. Other Considerations
Authority of Officials  Officers from the sending state are required to establish their authority to retake the supervised individual. Sending and/or receiving state officials must demonstrate the supervised individual in custody and subject to retaking…
Compliance Sanctioning Guidelines 01-2019
I. Objective and Application In addition to a state being required to complete remedial training or technical assistance (which may include a corrective action plan), alternative dispute resolution, or suspension/termination of membership in the compact,…
Bench Book - 1.2.1 Interstate Compacts are Formal Agreements Between States
Understanding the legal nature of an interstate Compact begins with this basic point: interstate Compacts are formal agreements between states that exist simultaneously as both (1) statutory law, and (2) contracts between states. The contractual nature…
Training and Technical Assistance 01-2008
I. Authority The Executive Committee is vested with the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session. The Executive Committee oversees the day-to-day activities managed by the…
Support - 2024 Rule Amendment & New Resources Training
On September 20, 2023, the Commission approved a Rule Amendment to Rule 5.108(f) effective March 1, 2024.  Commissioners, Deputy Compact Administrators and Compact Staff are invited to join a training session to recap the justification and practical…
Bench Book - 2.12.2 Judicial Enforcement
The Commission can initiate judicial enforcement by filing a complaint or petition in the appropriate U.S. district court. A member state that loses in any such litigation is required to reimburse the Commission for the costs incurred in prosecuting or…
Bench Book - 1.2.3 Compacts Are Not Administrative Agreements
Compacts differ from administrative agreements in two principal ways. First, states, as sovereigns, have inherent authority to enact Compacts. See Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 37 U.S. (12 Pet.) 657, 725 (1838). Thus, states do not need any express…
Rule 2.105 - Misdemeanants
(a) A misdemeanor supervised individual whose sentence includes 1 year or more of supervision shall be eligible for transfer, provided that all other criteria for transfer, as specified in Rule 3.101, have been satisfied; and the instant offense includes…
Bench Book - 1.7.2 Eleventh Amendment Issues for Interstate Commissions
The Eleventh Amendment guarantees state sovereign immunity from suit in federal court. The Eleventh Amendment ensures that states retain certain attributes of sovereignty, including sovereign immunity. Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1, 13 (1890). Over the…
Bench Book - 5.3.1.1 Official Capacity versus Individual Capacity
Eleventh Amendment immunity also extends to state government officers and employees to the extent that they are sued in their official capacity, but not to suits against them in their individual capacity. The distinction between official-capacity and…
Bench Book - 1.7.1 Relief Must Be Consistent with the Compact
In Texas v. New Mexico, the Supreme Court sustained exceptions to a Special Master’s recommendation to enlarge the Pecos River Compact Commission, holding that one consequence of a Compact becoming “a law of the United States” is that “no court may order…
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