Compact Online Reference Encyclopedia (CORE)

Looking for information on a specific topic, training, rule, or process? Through one search here, you can find the information you need from ICAOS’ white papers, advisory opinions, bylaws, policies, Hearing Officer's Guide, training modules, rules, helpdesk articles and the bench book. All results are cross-referenced with links to make navigation easy and intuitive.

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Bench Book - 3.3.1.1 Expedited Transfers
 The Commission’s rules provide an “expedited” option, allowing a supervised individual to transfer supervision on a “pending acceptance” basis. To qualify for expedited reporting instructions, both the sending and receiving states must agree that an…
Support - Removing Requirement for Retaking
Violation reports cannot be withdrawn once a state submitted and responded to. There are occasions when PC is not found, new information is learned, or an offender's situation changes after submission of the violation report. Available only to…
Bench Book - 3.2.1.1 Individuals Covered by the ICAOS
According to the Commission’s definition of “supervised individual,” the ICAOS can regulate a wide range of adults under supervision. An individual does not need to be on formal "probation" or "parole" to be eligible for transfer and supervision under the…
Bench Book - 3.2.1.6.1 Deferred Sentencing
 In addition to traditional cases where an individual is formally adjudicated and placed on supervision, the ICAOS also applies in so-called “suspended sentencing,” “suspended adjudication,” and “deferred sentencing” contexts. Rule 2.106 provides that “…
Bench Book - 4.4 Arrest and Detention of Supervised Individuals in the Receiving State
The courts have defined the relationship between the sending state and receiving state officials as an agency relationship. Courts recognize that in supervising out-of-state supervised individuals the receiving state acts on behalf of and as an agent of…
Bench Book - 3.2.1 Eligibility Criteria
 Determining eligibility under the Compact involves a multi-faceted analysis, starting with the broad definition of a "supervised individual." According to Rule 1.101, a "supervised individual" is an adult who is placed under supervision due to a criminal…
Bench Book - 3.2.1.6 Sentencing Considerations
The ICAOS applies to all individuals who meet the eligibility requirements and are subject to some form of community supervision or corrections. The term "supervised individual" is intentionally broad to accommodate changes in sentencing practices and…
Bench Book - 1.2 Nature of Interstate Compacts
Beginning with the Articles of Confederation, states used Compacts to settle boundary disputes.  In 1918, Oregon and Washington enacted the first Compact solely devoted to joint supervision of an interstate resource (fishing on the Columbia River). Three…
Bench Book - 3.1 Key Definitions in the Rules
The following key terms and their definitions supplement terms defined by the Compact rules. They should be of special interests to judicial authorities: Abscond means to be absent from the supervised individual’s approved place of residence and…
Bench Book - 1.4.3 Implications of Congressional Consent
Congressional consent can significantly change the nature of an interstate Compact. “[W]here Congress has authorized the States to enter into a cooperative agreement, and where the subject matter of that agreement is an appropriate subject for…
Bench Book - 3.3.1.2 Reporting Instructions for Probationers Living in the Receiving State at the Time of Sentencing or After Disposition of a Violation or Revocation Proceeding
The Commission adopted Rule 3.103 to address situations where individuals, upon sentencing, live in the receiving state and need to relocate before acceptance and receiving reporting instructions. This rule permits a supervised individual who is residing…
Chapter 1: Definitions - Rule 1.101
*/ As used in these rules, unless the context clearly requires a different construction- Abscond – means to be absent from the supervised individual's approved place of residence and employment; and failing to comply with reporting requirements. '…
Bench Book - 1.5 Interpretation of Interstate Compacts
Because Compacts are statutes and contracts, courts interpret interstate Compacts in the same manner as interpreting ordinary statutes and by applying contract law principles. PRACTICE NOTE: No court has explained when to apply statutory construction…
Bench Book - 1.4.1 When Consent is Required
The Compact Clause of the U.S. Constitution states, “No State shall, without the consent of Congress, . . . enter into any agreement or Compact with another State . . . .” U.S. CONST. art. I, § 10, cl. 3. Though a strict reading of the Compact Clause…
Support - 2024 Rule Amendment & New Resources Training
On September 20, 2023, the Commission approved a Rule Amendment to Rule 5.108(f) effective March 1, 2024.  Commissioners, Deputy Compact Administrators and Compact Staff are invited to join a training session to recap the justification and practical…
Bench Book - 4.2.2 Uniform Extradition Act Considerations
A supervised individual who absconds from a receiving state is a fugitive from justice. The procedures for returning a fugitive to a demanding state can be affected by the Uniform Extradition and Rendition Act (UERA). Under that act, a fugitive may waive…
Support - 2021 Rule Amendments & ICOTS Enhancements
On September 29, 2021, the Commission approved several Rule Amendments and ICOTS enhancements to be implemented on April 1, 2022.  ICOTS Enhancements supplementing these rules launch June 1, 2022.  Details can be accessed on the ABM archive page.…
Definition - Compact Administrator
Compact Administrator – means the individual in each compacting state appointed under the terms of this compact and responsible for the administration and management of the state's supervision and transfer of supervised individuals subject to the terms of…
Bench Book - 2.7 Adoption and Withdrawal
Like other interstate Compacts, the ICAOS inaugurated when state legislatures enacted statutes that adopted the provisions of the agreement. For the ICAOS, the Compact required adoption by thirty-five states to become active. Unlike some Compacts that are…
Definition - Offender
Offender – means an adult placed under, or made subject to, supervision as the result of the commission of a criminal offense and released to the community under the jurisdiction of courts, paroling authorities, corrections, or other criminal justice…
Support - FY24 Annual Audit-Data Integrity Follow up
The Commission concentrated its audit resources in FY23 on ICOTS data integrity to ensure that the data contains accurate and reliable information for our internal and external partners. Given the FY23 audit findings, the Compliance and Executive…
Definition - Violent Crime 
Violent Crime – means any crime involving the unlawful exertion of physical force with the intent to cause injury or physical harm to a person; or an offense in which a person has incurred direct or threatened physical or psychological harm as defined by…
Definition - Supervised Individual
Supervised Individual – means an “offender” defined by Article II of the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision as an adult placed under, or made subject to, supervision as the result of the commission of a criminal offense and released to the…
Bench Book - 3.6.1 General Conditions
While a state may be required to accept supervision based on the supervised individual’s eligibility status, the receiving state may determine that certain conditions are necessary at the time of acceptance. The receiving state can only impose conditions…
Bench Book - 3.3.1 Time of Transfer
The Commission's rules can significantly affect the time between the final disposition of a case and the supervised individual’s ability to move to another state. Even if the supervised individual is eligible for transfer under the Compact, the court…
Rule 3.107 - Transfer Request
(a) A transfer request for a supervised individual shall be transmitted through the electronic information system authorized by the commission and shall contain: A narrative description of the instant offense in sufficient detail to describe the…
Support - FY23 DCA Dashboard Program FY23 Warrant Status Dashboard (February 2023)/Follow-up Training (August 2023)
The ICOTS warrant tracking tool launched June 2022 allows sending states to track warrants within ICOTS during retaking process or after report of an absconder. This session will review the Warrant Status Dashboard (launched in July 2022) as well as other…
Definition - Sex Offender 
Sex Offender – means an adult placed under, or made subject to, supervision as the result of the commission of a criminal offense and released to the community under the jurisdiction of courts, paroling authorities, corrections, or other criminal justice…
Bench Book - 4.7.1 General Considerations
Supervised individuals, including those under ICAOS supervision, have limited rights. Conditional release is a privilege not guaranteed by the Constitution; it is an act of grace, a matter of pure discretion on the part of sentencing or corrections…
Bench Book - 4.7.2 Right to Counsel
Under the rules of the Commission, a state is not specifically obligated to provide counsel in circumstances of revocation or retaking. However, particularly with regard to revocation proceedings, a state should provide counsel to an indigent supervised…
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